新媒体环境下健康科普视频的创作与传播策略研究

《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》将普及健康知识作为主要目标之一,健康科普已成为公众关注的重要领域,而新媒体已成为公众获取健康知识的主要平台。该研究根据新媒体环境下用户和信息传播的特点,以健康科普视频为实例,制定并研究健康科普视频的创作模式和传播策略,以期对新媒体环境下健康信息普及、公众健康素养提升提供借鉴。     

Feasibility of coronary artery calcium scoring on virtual unenhanced images derived from single-source fast kVp-switching dual-energy coronary CT angiography

BackgroundDual-energy CT technology enables acquisition of virtual unenhanced (VUE) images from contrast-enhanced scans.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring on VUE images derived from fast kVp-switching dual-energy coronary CT angiography.MethodsTwenty-seven patients underwent true noncontrast CAC-scoring CT followed by routine single-energy (120-kVp) and fast kVp-switching dual-energy coronary CT angiography, in a random acquisition order on the same day. We calculated the CAC scores on true noncontrast and VUE images. The image noises and the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios of the aorta and coronary arteries were measured on both the single-energy coronary CT angiography images and dual-energy coronary CT angiography images (70 keV virtual monochromatic spectral images). The Pearson correlation coefficient test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsExcellent correlation was observed between the CAC scores on the true noncontrast and those on the VUE images (r = 0.88; P < .001). Compared with single-energy coronary CT angiography, dual-energy coronary CT angiography showed significantly reduced image noise and increased signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios in all regions (all P < .001). The effective dose of dual-energy coronary CT angiography (4.3 ± 0.3 mSv) was significantly lower than that of true noncontrast CAC-scoring CT plus single-energy coronary CT angiography (5.4 ± 0.7 mSv; P < .0001).ConclusionsExcellent correlation was observed between the CAC scores on the VUE images and true noncontrast images. Thus, fast kVp-switching dual-energy coronary CT angiography could allow prediction of the true CAC scores, potentially reducing the total radiation exposure and image acquisition time by obviating the need for true noncontrast CAC-scoring CT.     

软组织修复耳道后壁鼓室成形术的临床分析(附1037例报告)

目的 探讨开放式鼓室成形术中应用软壁式外耳道后壁重建方法的可行性,及其对术后干耳时间的影响.方法 对1037例(耳)行软壁式(软组织修复耳道后壁)开放式鼓室成形术的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术后随访3个月至4年,随访率为61.4%.术后干耳率为98.75%(1024例);术后听力提高平均为15dB;69例进行二次手术,其中5例为胆脂瘤复发,9例术腔感染,8例鼓膜穿孔,47例因术后听力提高不满意而再次手术.结论 软壁开放式鼓室成形术在治疗慢性中耳炎可有效地获得干耳术腔,减少术后复诊并能保持较好的外耳道形状.     

The spread of medical fake news in social media – The pilot quantitative study

Objectives

Fake news: misinformation and falsehood of health news in social media constitute a potential threat to the public health, but the scope of this issue remains unclear. Our pilot study is an initial attempt to measure a number of the top shared health misinformation stories in the Polish language social media.

Women’s Perceptions of Usefulness and Ease of Use of Four Healthy Eating Blog Characteristics: A Qualitative Study of 33 French-Canadian Women

Background

Healthy eating blogs are knowledge translation tools used by nutrition and dietetics practitioners for helping people improve their health behaviors and food choices.

African media coverage of tobacco industry corporate social responsibility initiatives

Guidelines for implementing the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) recommend prohibiting tobacco industry corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, but few African countries have done so. We examined African media coverage of tobacco industry CSR initiatives to understand whether and how such initiatives were presented to the public and policymakers. We searched two online media databases (Lexis Nexis and Access World News) for all news items published from 1998 to 2013, coding retrieved items through a collaborative, iterative process. We analysed the volume, type, provenance, slant and content of coverage, including the presence of tobacco control or tobacco interest themes. We found 288 news items; most were news stories published in print newspapers. The majority of news stories relied solely on tobacco industry representatives as news sources, and portrayed tobacco industry CSR positively. When public health voices and tobacco control themes were included, news items were less likely to have a positive slant. This suggests that there is a foundation on which to build media advocacy efforts. Drawing links between implementing the FCTC and prohibiting or curtailing tobacco industry CSR programmes may result in more public dialogue in the media about the negative impacts of tobacco company CSR initiatives.     

The use of social media among Saudi residents for medicines related information

This study aimed to measure the use of social media applications for health information among residents in Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study was adopted in this study between 20th of September to 1st of December 2017. A pre-validated questionnaire was either distributed through face to face to respondents in public areas or through online survey which was posted to main social media groups in Saudi Arabia. All data was analyzed through using SPSS version 22.0. All p-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. A total of 751 valid responses were obtained out of 1200 invitations. WhatsApp was the main application frequently used among our respondents 83.8%. In addition, about 18% of respondents use social media to search on medicines related information on weekly basis. On the other hand, 12.6% of respondents receive medical related information on social media daily. Friends are the main source of medical related information on social media which is represented by 28.5% of responses. Whereas health specialists represent only 20.1% of health information on social media. One-third of our respondents either search or receive medical related information on social media on daily and weekly basis. More than 90% of respondents prefer to receive medical related information from trusted official sources. Health authorities have to frequently review the health information contents available in social media as well as educate patients on the importance of validating the medical information available on social media from their healthcare providers.     

Evaluating Twitter as a complementary data source for pharmacovigilance

Background: Social media are currently considered as a potential complementary source of knowledge for drug safety surveillance. Our primary objective was to estimate the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) experienced by Twitter users. Our secondary objective was to determine whether tweets constitute a valuable and informative source of data for pharmacovigilance purposes, despite limitations on character number per tweet.

Research design and methods: We selected a list of 33 drugs subject to careful monitoring due to safety concern in France and Europe, and extracted tweets using the streaming API from 30 September 2014 to 5 April 2015. Two pharmacovigilance centers classified these tweets manually as potential ADR case reports.

Results: Among 10,534 tweets, 848 (8.05%) implied or mentioned an ADR without meeting the four FDA criteria required for reporting an ADR, and 289 (2.74%) tweets were classified as ‘case reports.’ Among them 20 (7.27%) tweets mentioned an unexpected ADR and 33 (11.42%) tweets mentioned a serious ADR.

Conclusions: With the use of dedicated tools, Twitter could become a complementary source of information for pharmacovigilance, despite a major limitation regarding causality assessment of ADRs in individual tweets, which may improve with the new limitation to 280 characters per tweet.     

Reconstructing the Neanderthal Eustachian Tube: New Insights on Disease Susceptibility,Fitness Cost,and Extinction

Neanderthals are among the best studied and yet most enigmatic fossil human groups with aspects of their anatomy and functional morphology remaining poorly understood. We present the first anatomical reconstruction of the Neanderthal cartilaginous Eustachian tube (CET), a vital component of the upper respiratory tract and nexus for the middle ear and postnasal airway. The Eustachian (auditory, pharyngotympanic) tube, comprised of a bony and cartilaginous (CET) portion, is integral to normal physiological functions such as middle ear aeration and pressure equilibration. Findings indicate that Neanderthal tubal morphology may have predisposed them to high rates of middle ear disease (otitis media [OM]). In living humans, mechanical CET dysfunction underlies OM in infants and young children, with sequelae including hearing loss, meningitis, and pneumonia. Despite proven linkage of CET malfunction with OM, the role of CET morphology in Neanderthal health and disease remains unstudied. We reconstructed Neanderthal CET morphology, comparing their crania to a modern human growth series. Methods included geometric morphometrics and univariate measures among Procrustes-fitted coordinates. Results showed Neanderthal adults exhibiting primitively tall and narrow nasopharynges with infant-like horizontal CET and choanal orientation. As horizontal CET orientation is associated with increased OM incidence in infants and children until around age six, its appearance in Neanderthal adults strongly indicates persistence of high OM susceptibility at this time. This could have compromised fitness and disease load relative to sympatric modern humans, affecting Neanderthals' ability to compete within their ecological niche, and potentially contributing to their rapid extinction. Anat Rec, 302:2109–2125, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy